Software⏱️ 2 min read📅 2026-05-31

How to Fix: connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream

Nginx configuration issue causing 502 Gateway error.

Quick Answer: Check the fastcgi_pass directive in your nginx.conf file to ensure it's pointing to a valid PHP process manager, such as php-fpm.

📋 Table of Contents

  1. 🔍 Why This Happens
  2. 🚀 How to Resolve This Issue
  3. ✨ Wrapping Up

The 'connect() failed (111: Connection refused)' error occurs when the PHP script cannot establish a connection to the fastcgi server. This is often due to the fact that the fastcgi process is not running or not listening on the specified port.

🔍 Why This Happens

  • [Cause]

🚀 How to Resolve This Issue

Method 1: Check and Restart Fastcgi Process

  1. Step 1: Open your terminal and run the command `sudo service php7.4-fpm restart` (or the equivalent command for your PHP version) to restart the fastcgi process.

Method 2: Configure Nginx to Use a Different Port

  1. Step 1: Open your nginx.conf file in a text editor and update the 'fastcgi_pass' directive to point to a different port, for example: fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;

✨ Wrapping Up

To resolve the 'connect() failed (111: Connection refused)' error, you can try restarting the fastcgi process or configuring Nginx to use a different port. If neither method works, you may need to investigate further to determine the cause of the issue.

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